The 1902 United States House of Representatives elections occurred in the middle of
President
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
*President (education), a leader of a college or university
*President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Automobiles
* Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( ; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or by his initials, T. R., was an American politician, statesman, soldier, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26t ...
's first term, about a year after the assassination of President
William McKinley
William McKinley (January 29, 1843September 14, 1901) was the 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 until his assassination in 1901. As a politician he led a realignment that made his Republican Party largely dominant in ...
in September 1901.
Due to the increased size of the House and the
reapportionment that resulted from the
1900 U.S. Census, the
Republican Party and the
Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to:
*Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to:
Active parties Africa
*Botswana Democratic Party
*Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea
*Gabonese Democratic Party
*Demo ...
both gained seats simultaneously, which has not occurred in any elections since. The Democrats increased their share of the House, but not by enough to regain control.
With a stable economy and no cornerstone issue, Democratic gains can mostly be linked to the effects of redistricting. Many of the new seats were in areas with high numbers of immigrants (mostly Eastern and Southern European industrial workers, and Northern European farmers), with new immigrants tending to vote Democrat. The
Populist Party disappeared from the House, with its supporters almost unanimously switching to the Democratic Party.
This election marked the third and most recent time in American history where the incumbent president's party gained House seats in a midterm election while still losing seats in the Senate, the first two being in
1814 and
1822.
Election summaries
29 new seats were added in
reapportionment following the
1900 Census.
Apportionment Act of 1901
/ref> No states lost seats, 16 had no change in apportionment, 14 gained 1 seat, 3 gained 2 seats, and 3 gained 3 seats. Two of the states that gained representation elected the new seat at-large.
The previous election had 5 Populists
Populism refers to a range of political stances that emphasize the idea of "the people" and often juxtapose this group against " the elite". It is frequently associated with anti-establishment and anti-political sentiment. The term developed ...
, but the party completely disappeared from the U.S. House in the 1902 elections.
Special elections
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, William Henry Moody
William Henry Moody (December 23, 1853 – July 2, 1917) was an American politician and jurist who held positions in all three branches of the Government of the United States. He represented parts of Essex County, Massachusetts in the Uni ...
, , Republican
, 1894
, Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy.
New member elected November 4, 1902.
Republican hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, James Joseph Butler
, , Democratic
, 1901
, Seat declared vacant.
Incumbent re-elected November 4, 1902 to finish his term.
Special election later successfully contested by George C. R. Wagoner.
, nowrap ,
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Election dates
All the states held their elections November 4, 1902, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:
* June 2: Oregon
Oregon () is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of it ...
* September 2: Vermont
Vermont () is a state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to ...
* September 8: Maine
Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and north ...
Alabama
Arizona Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Arkansas
California
, -
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, Samuel D. Woods
, , Republican
, 1900
, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, Frank Coombs
, , Republican
, 1900
, , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Victor H. Metcalf
Victor Howard Metcalf (October 10, 1853 – February 20, 1936) was an American politician; he served in President Theodore Roosevelt's cabinet as Secretary of Commerce and Labor, and then as Secretary of the Navy.
Biography
Born in Utica, New ...
, , Republican
, 1898
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
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, Julius Kahn Julius Kahn may refer to:
*Julius Kahn (inventor) (1874–1942), engineer of reinforced concrete
*Julius Kahn (congressman)
Julius Kahn (February 28, 1861 – December 18, 1924) was a United States Congressman who was succeeded by his wife ...
, , Republican
, 1898
, , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Eugene F. Loud
, , Republican
, 1890
Events
January–March
* January 1
** The Kingdom of Italy establishes Eritrea as its colony, in the Horn of Africa.
** In Michigan, the wooden steamer ''Mackinaw'' burns in a fire on the Black River.
* January 2
** The steamship ...
, , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, James C. Needham
James Carson Needham (September 17, 1864 – July 11, 1942) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a seven-term U.S. Representative from California from 1899 to 1913.
Biography
Born in a covered wagon at Carson City, Nevada, Ja ...
, , Republican
, 1898
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, James McLachlan
, , Republican
, 1900
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, colspan=3 , None (District created)
, , New seat.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
, nowrap ,
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
, -
!
, Stephen M. Sparkman
, , Democratic
, 1894
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Robert Wyche Davis
Robert Wyche Davis (March 15, 1849 – September 15, 1929) was a United States Representative from Florida.
Biography
Born near Albany, Georgia, Davis attended public schools. He enlisted in 1863 in the Fifth Georgia Volunteer Infantry Regimen ...
, , Democratic
, 1896
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, colspan=3 , None (District created)
, , New seat.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
, nowrap ,
Georgia
Hawaii Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Idaho
, -
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, Thomas L. Glenn
, , Populist
, 1900
, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
, nowrap ,
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
, -
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, William H. Jackson
, , Republican
, 1900
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Albert Blakeney
, , Republican
, 1900
, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Frank C. Wachter
Frank Charles Wachter (September 16, 1861 – July 1, 1910) was an American politician and Congressman from Maryland.
Biography
Born in Baltimore, Maryland to German immigrants,
Wachter attended private schools and St. Paul's Evangelical Sch ...
, , Republican
, 1898
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Charles R. Schirm
, , Republican
, 1900
, , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Sydney Emanuel Mudd I
, , Republican
, 1896
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, George A. Pearre
, , Republican
, 1898
, Incumbent re-elected
, nowrap ,
Massachusetts
, -
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, George P. Lawrence
, , Republican
, 1897 (special)
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Frederick H. Gillett
Frederick Huntington Gillett (; October 16, 1851 – July 31, 1935) was an American politician who served in the Massachusetts state government and both houses of the U.S. Congress between 1879 and 1931, including six years as Speaker of the Hous ...
, , Republican
, 1892
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, John R. Thayer
, , Democratic
, 1898
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Charles Q. Tirrell
, , Republican
, 1900
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, William S. Knox
, , Republican
, 1894
, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
, nowrap ,
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, colspan="3" , Vacant
, , Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to become United States Secretary of the Navy
The secretary of the Navy (or SECNAV) is a statutory officer () and the head (chief executive officer) of the Department of the Navy, a military department (component organization) within the United States Department of Defense.
By law, the se ...
.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Ernest W. Roberts
, , Republican
, 1898
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Samuel W. McCall
Samuel Walker McCall (February 28, 1851 – November 4, 1923) was a Republican lawyer, politician, and writer from Massachusetts. He was for twenty years (1893–1913) a member of the United States House of Representatives, and the 47th Governo ...
, , Republican
, 1892
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Joseph A. Conry
, , Democratic
, 1900
, , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Citizens Democratic gain.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Henry F. Naphen
, , Democratic
, 1898
, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
, nowrap ,
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, colspan="3" , None (new seat)
, , New seat.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Samuel L. Powers
, , Republican
, 1900
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, William S. Greene
William Stedman Greene (April 28, 1841 – September 22, 1924) was a United States representative from Massachusetts.
Biography
William S. Greene was born in Tremont, Illinois on April 28, 1841. He moved with his parents to Fall River, Massachu ...
, , Republican
, 1898 (special)
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, William C. Lovering
William Croad Lovering (February 25, 1835 – February 4, 1910) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.
Biography
Born in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, Lovering moved with his parents to Taunton, Massachusetts, in 1837.
He attended the Camb ...
, , Republican
, 1896
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
, -
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, Ezekiel S. Candler Jr.
, , Democratic
, 1900
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Thomas Spight
Thomas Spight (October 25, 1841 – January 5, 1924) was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi.
Born near Ripley, Mississippi, Spight attended the common schools, Ripley Academy, Purdy (Tennessee) College, and the La Grange (Tennessee) Synodi ...
, , Democratic
, 1898 (special)
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Pat Henry
, , Democratic
, 1900
, , Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Andrew F. Fox
, , Democratic
, 1896
, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, John S. Williams
, , Democratic
, 1892
, , Incumbent redistricted to the .
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Frank A. McLain
, , Democratic
, 1898 (special)
, , Incumbent redistricted to the .
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Charles E. Hooker
Charles Edward Hooker (April 9, 1825 – January 8, 1914) was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi.
Biography
Charles E. Hooker
Born in Union, South Carolina, Hooker was raised in Laurens District, South Carolina. He attended the common schoo ...
, , Democratic
, 1900
, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
, rowspan=2 nowrap ,
, -
, Frank A. McLain
, , Democratic
, 1898 (special)
, Redistricted from the .
, -
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, John S. Williams
, , Democratic
, 1892
, , Incumbent redistricted from the .
Incumbent re-elected.
Democratic gain.
, nowrap ,
Missouri
Montana
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, Caldwell Edwards
Caldwell Edwards (January 8, 1841 – July 23, 1922) was a U.S. Representative from Montana.
Born in Sag Harbor, New York, Edwards was educated in the district schools. He worked as a salesman and bookkeeper in dry-goods stores for several ye ...
, , Populist
, 1900
, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
, nowrap ,
Nebraska
, -
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, Elmer Burkett
Elmer Jacob Burkett (December 1, 1867May 23, 1935) was a Representative and a Senator from Nebraska.
Burkett was born on a farm near Glenwood, Iowa. He attended the public schools and graduated from Tabor College in 1890 and from the University ...
, , Republican
, 1898
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, David H. Mercer
, , Republican
, 1892
, , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, John S. Robinson
, , Democratic
, 1898
, rowspan=3 , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, William L. Stark
, , Populist
, 1896
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, Ashton C. Shallenberger
, , Democratic
, 1900
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, William Neville
, , Populist
, 1899 (special)
, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
, nowrap ,
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
, -
! rowspan=2 ,
, Thomas F. Marshall
, , Republican
, nowrap , 1900
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap rowspan=2 ,
, -
, colspan=3 , New seat
, , New member elected.
Republican gain.
Ohio
Oklahoma Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Oregon
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, Thomas H. Tongue
Thomas H. Tongue (June 23, 1844January 11, 1903) was an American politician and attorney in the state of Oregon. Born in England, his family immigrated to Washington County, Oregon, in 1859. In Oregon, he would serve in the Oregon State Senate, S ...
, , Republican
, 1896
, Incumbent re-elected.
Died before next term began.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Malcolm A. Moody
, , Republican
, 1898
, , Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
, nowrap ,
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
, -
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, William Elliott
, , Democratic
, 1886
1896
, , Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, W. Jasper Talbert
, , Democratic
, 1892
, , Incumbent retired to run for Governor of South Carolina.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Asbury Latimer
Asbury Churchwell Latimer (July 31, 1851February 20, 1908) was a United States representative and Senator from South Carolina. Born near Lowndesville, South Carolina, he attended the common schools, engaged in agricultural pursuits, and in 1880 ...
, , Democratic
, 1892
, , Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, Joseph T. Johnson
, , Democratic
, 1900
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, David E. Finley
, , Democratic
, 1898
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Robert B. Scarborough
, , Democratic
, 1900
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, Asbury F. Lever
, , Democratic
, 1901
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
South Dakota
, -
! rowspan=2 ,
, Charles H. Burke
Charles Henry Burke (April 1, 1861 – April 7, 1944) was a Republican Congressman from South Dakota and Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in the 1920s.
Biography
He was born near Batavia, New York, in 1861, and attended the public sc ...
, , Republican
, 1898
, Incumbent re-elected.
, rowspan=2 nowrap ,
, -
, Eben Martin
Eben Wever Martin (April 12, 1855 – May 22, 1932) was an American attorney and politician in South Dakota. A Republican, he was most notable for his service as a member of the United States House of Representatives.
Early life and education
M ...
, , Republican
, 1900
, Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee
, -
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, Walter P. Brownlow
Walter Preston Brownlow (March 27, 1851 – July 8, 1910) was an American politician who represented Tennessee's 1st district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1897 until his death in 1910. He is remembered for obtaining large feder ...
, , Republican
, 1896
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
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, Henry R. Gibson
Henry Richard Gibson (December 24, 1837 – May 25, 1938) was an American attorney and politician who represented Tennessee's 2nd congressional district, Tennessee's 2nd district in the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Repres ...
, , Republican
, 1894
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, John A. Moon
, , Democratic
, 1896
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, Charles E. Snodgrass
, , Democratic
, 1898
, , Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, James D. Richardson
, , Democratic
, 1884
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, John W. Gaines
, , Democratic
, 1896
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, Lemuel P. Padgett
Lemuel Phillips Padgett (November 28, 1855 – August 2, 1922) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 7th congressional district of Tennessee.
Biography
Born in Columbia, Tennessee, in ...
, , Democratic
, 1900
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, Thetus W. Sims
, , Democratic
, 1896
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, Rice A. Pierce
, , Democratic
, 1896
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, Malcolm R. Patterson
Malcolm Rice Patterson (June 7, 1861 – March 8, 1935) was an American politician and jurist. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1901 to 1906, and as the 30th governor of Tennessee from 1907 to 1911. He later served as a circu ...
, , Democratic
, 1900
, Incumbent re-elected.
,
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
, -
!
, Blackburn B. Dovener
, , Republican
, 1894
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, Alston G. Dayton
Alston Gordon Dayton (October 18, 1857 – July 30, 1920) was a United States representative from West Virginia and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia.
Education and caree ...
, , Republican
, 1894
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, Joseph H. Gaines
, , Republican
, 1900
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, colspan=3 , None (incumbent redistricted)
, , Incumbent redistricted to the .
New member elected.
Republican hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
, James A. Hughes
James Anthony Hughes (February 27, 1861March 2, 1930) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from the state of West Virginia.
Hughes was born near Corunna in the Province of Canada (in what is now Ontario). He immigrat ...
, , Republican
, 1900
, , New member elected.
Republican gain.
, nowrap ,
Wisconsin
Wyoming
, -
!
, Frank W. Mondell
Frank Wheeler Mondell (November 6, 1860August 6, 1939) was a United States representative of Wyoming.
Biography
Born in St. Louis, Missouri, he was educated in the public schools. For many years he was engaged in farming, stock-raising, and ra ...
, , Republican
, 1898
, Incumbent re-elected.
, nowrap ,
Non-voting delegates
, -
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, -
!
, -
!
, -
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, Dennis T. Flynn
, , Republican
, 1892
1894
1898
, , Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected.
Republican hold.
, nowrap ,
See also
* 1902 United States elections
** 1902 and 1903 United States Senate elections
* 57th United States Congress
* 58th United States Congress
Notes
References
Bibliography
* Republican Congressional Committee
''The Republican Campaign Textbook 1902''
(1902).
*
*
*
*
*
External links
Office of the Historian
(Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
{{1902 United States elections